Cartagena was founded by the Carthaginians around 227 BC, who named it after their home city in North Africa. These days the city is best known for its well-preserved Roman theatre, which was remarkably only discovered in 1987, in spite of its location in the centre of town.

Oran is Algeria’s bustling second city, originally founded by the Moors and later ruled by the Spanish, Ottomans and French. These influences can be seen in Oran’s eclectic architecture, and the city was also the birthplace of rai, a type of Algerian folk music that emerged in the 1920s.

The streets of Algiers have so many stories to tell. Broad boulevards and elegant villas are legacies of the French colonial period, while the atmospheric Casbah, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is the city’s Islamic heart. Algeria has been through some difficult times in recent years, but the people are warm, friendly and keen to welcome tourists.

Tunisia’s capital is a whirlwind of energy, the narrow lanes of the old medina packed with people and the roads noisy with traffic. The more orderly streets of the Ville Nouvelle are home to some handsome colonial buildings, while the ruins of ancient Carthage make for a fascinating day trip.

Situated on the western edge of Sicily, closer to Tunis than it is to Rome, the historic port of Trapani has a discernible North African feel to it. This was once an important medieval trading centre that linked Carthage and Venice, and the lovely old town is a great place to spend some time exploring.