The steep-sided Gjesværstappan islands tower dramatically above the freezing waters off the north coast of Norway, carpeted in grass and home to thousands of seabirds. Species that nest here include puffins, kittiwakes, fulmars, guillemots, razorbills, cormorants and skuas.

Skarsvåg is the world’s most northerly fishing village, situated on the north coast of the Norwegian island of Magerøya. The village is less than 10 miles from the North Cape, where the Arctic and Atlantic oceans meet, and you may spot reindeer grazing on the surrounding tundra.

The beautiful Trollfjord, just 100 metres wide at its entrance, slices through Austvågøya island, which lies between the Lofoten and Vesterålen archipelagos. The trolls themselves are said to hide amongst the rocks during the day, emerging only at night.

The Nordfjord is one of Norway’s longest fjords, with more than 60 miles of towering mountains, gushing waterfalls and glittering glaciers. This part of Norway is a region of superlatives, home to both Europe’s deepest lake, Hornindalsvatnet, and mainland Europe’s largest glacier, the spectacular Jostedalsbreen.

Runde is home to Norway’s southernmost bird cliffs, and during the breeding season some 500,000 seabirds take over the island, including puffins, great skuas, razorbills, guillemots, kittiwakes, gannets and shags. There is also a large seal colony nearby, and if you’re lucky you might even spot a white-tailed eagle.

Olden is a lovely little village surrounded by green meadows and rippling mountain scenery, at the mouth of the Oldeelva river. The most popular excursion is a trip to the nearby Briksdalsbreen, an arm of the vast Jostedalsbreen glacier.

The Hardangerfjord region is rich in natural beauty, and is sometimes known as ‘Norway’s orchard’ on account of the many fruit farms growing apples, cherries, pears and plums. There are some fantastic hiking trails in the region, along with sights including the famous Trolltunga rock.

The little village of Lysebotn sits at the head of the Lysefjord, one of the most popular tourist destinations in southern Norway. This beautiful fjord is famous for the Preikestolen, or Pulpit Rock, which juts out across the fjord and has graced countless postcards.

Lerwick is the only town of any size in the Shetland islands, and originally grew up around the herring trade. Highlights include the charming 18th century architecture along the waterfront and the informative Shetland Museum, which provides an excellent introduction to the history and culture of the islands.

The little Isle of Noss, part of the Shetlands, is a nature reserve that hosts over 150,000 seabirds during the breeding season, a truly spectacular sight. Species you can expect to see include gannets, puffins, guillemots and razorbills, and the island is also home to otters, seals, whales and dolphins.

Tórshavn, named after the Norse god Thor, is one of the world’s smallest capitals, with a population of just 20,000. The brightly coloured facades and turfed roofs lend the harbour an attractive, storybook quality, and the narrow streets are home to some atmospheric pubs and cafés.

The bird cliffs at Vestmanna are one of the most spectacular sights in the Faroe Islands, home to thousands of puffins, razorbills, guillemots and kittiwakes. Take a boat trip to explore the sea caves at the foot of the near-vertical cliffs, and marvel at the waterfalls that cascade down the rock face.

Djúpivogur is a little fishing village on the east coast of Iceland, at the mouth of a steep fjord, and has recently joined the ‘slow city’ movement, the first place in Iceland to do so. A popular excursion is the boat trip across to Papey island, where you’ll find thousands of seabirds and Iceland’s oldest wooden church

The Westman Islands lie just off the south west coast of the Icelandic mainland, and most visitors head for the largest island, Heimaey. The jagged landscape is a reminder of Heimaey's volcanic origins; the most recent eruption, back in 1973, created the volcano now known as Eldfell, which looms over the island.

Surtsey is one of the world’s newest islands, formed by a volcanic eruption at sea which was first spotted by a fishing trawler in November 1963. Today the island covers just under two square miles, and provides a unique laboratory for scientists to study the colonisation of new land by plant and animal life.

Capital of Iceland and gateway to this extraordinary volcanic island, modern Reykjavík is home to an impressive collection of interesting attractions and places of historic significance. Visit the impressive Hallgrímskirkja church, relax in a thermal pool, potter around the old harbour, and enjoy 24 hour daylight in the summer months.

The uninhabited island of Skjoldungen is situated on Greenland’s rugged east coast, between the Northern and Southern Skjoldungenfjord. Here you’ll find a starkly beautiful landscape of snow-capped mountains, steep valley sides and icebergs in crystalline shades of white and blue.

The spectacular Prince Christian Sound provides a protected passage for ships rounding the southern tip of Greenland, at times narrowing to just 1,500 feet across. Waterfalls cascade down the rugged mountain sides, and you can often spot whales and seals amongst the icebergs.

The tiny village of Aappilattoq enjoys a spectacular setting on Prince Christian Sound in southern Greenland, its colourful houses arranged at the foot of a steep mountain. This isolated community is home to around 120 people, who make their living by hunting or fishing.

Nanortalik is the southernmost city in Greenland, and sits on a small island at the mouth of the Tasermiut fjord. The name means ‘the place of polar bears’, since bears come to hunt on the sea ice in summer, and the town is also known for its unique choir singing culture.

The island of Uunartoq is famous for its hot springs, the only place in Greenland where the water is warm enough to bathe in. Norsemen are believed to have first discovered the steaming pools a thousand years ago, and the setting is spectacular, surrounded by mountains and icebergs drifting through the fjords.

Qaqortoq is southern Greenland’s largest town, though with just 3,000 inhabitants it’s hardly crowded. A trip to the nearby hot springs at Uunartoq is recommended; relaxing in the 38°C water and watching icebergs drift across the bay is quite something.

Norse settlers were exploring the coasts of North America long before Columbus made his journey across the Atlantic, and Hvalsey is home to some of the most important Norse ruins in Greenland. The 14th-century church here is remarkably well preserved, on the site of a major medieval farmstead.

Founded by the Norse explorer Erik the Red in the 10th century, the sheep farming settlement of Qassiarsuk is full of history. Legend says that Erik’s wife Thorhildur forced him to build the first church in North America here, and the modern reconstruction of the church enjoys fine views across the iceberg-speckled fjord.

The village of Itilleq is situated on an island just to the north of the Arctic Circle, home to around 120 people. Cruise visitors usually have the chance to visit a local home, learn about life in this isolated settlement and perhaps even challenge the islanders to a game of football!

Greenland’s capital and largest town, Nuuk is positively cosmopolitan compared to the rest of this remote and isolated country. The setting amongst mountains and fjords is striking, and attractions include the Greenland National Museum and the picturesque Old Harbour.

Founded in 1941 as a US Air Force base, Kangerlussuaq is home to Greenland’s main airport and a place that most visitors to the country will pass through at some point. The town also offers easy access to the magnificent Greenland Ice Cap, and the surrounding countryside is a great place to see the Northern Lights.

Maniitsoq means ‘the rugged place’ in the Greenlandic language, and it’s an apt description. This colourful settlement is situated amongst deep fjords, towering mountains and islands separated by narrow natural canals, and the nearby Eternity Fjord is one of the most beautiful in Greenland.

Greenland’s capital and largest town, Nuuk is positively cosmopolitan compared to the rest of this remote and isolated country. The setting amongst mountains and fjords is striking, and attractions include the Greenland National Museum and the picturesque Old Harbour.

Upernavik is the northernmost town in Greenland with over 1,000 inhabitants, situated on a bay scattered with islands and icebergs. The Upernavik Museum, the oldest in Greenland, contains an impressive collection of local art, and the region has an interesting Norse heritage, thought to be the northern limit of Viking exploration.

Qeqertarsuaq is the only town on verdant Disko Island; legend has it that the island was towed here by two hunters from southern Greenland searching for seals. Above the town is the Lyngmark Glacier, the only place in Greenland where you can go dog sledding in summer.

The spectacular Ilulissat ice fjord is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it's the source of the many icebergs that float out across Disko Bay. The town of Ilulissat itself is Greenland’s third largest settlement, and activities on offer here include dog sledding and whale watching.

Founded in 1941 as a US Air Force base, Kangerlussuaq is home to Greenland’s main airport and a place that most visitors to the country will pass through at some point. The town also offers easy access to the magnificent Greenland Ice Cap, and the surrounding countryside is a great place to see the Northern Lights.

The colourful houses of Kangaamiut tumble down a hillside, in a region renowned for its dramatic fjords and rugged mountains. It’s a place to drink in spectacular views, learn about daily life in a Greenlandic village, and get to know some of the friendly and welcoming locals.

Greenland’s capital and largest town, Nuuk is positively cosmopolitan compared to the rest of this remote and isolated country. The setting amongst mountains and fjords is striking, and attractions include the Greenland National Museum and the picturesque Old Harbour.

The name Sisimiut means ‘the people living in a place where there are fox dens’, though these days the town is better known for being Greenland’s northernmost year-round ice-free port. Around 25 miles north of the Arctic Circle, it’s a common stop for ships making the journey north to Disko Bay.

The spectacular Ilulissat ice fjord is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, and it's the source of the many icebergs that float out across Disko Bay. The town of Ilulissat itself is Greenland’s third largest settlement, and activities on offer here include dog sledding and whale watching.

The small Inuit settlement of Pond Inlet sits at the entrance to the fabled Northwest Passage, on the north coast of Baffin Island. A dramatic landscape of fjords, glaciers and icebergs provides a habitat for wildlife including whales, seabirds, seals and narwhals, the otherworldly ‘unicorns of the sea’.

Gjoa Haven was known by the Inuit as Uqsuqtuuq, the ‘place of plenty blubber’, but was renamed when Roald Amundsen became the first explorer to traverse the Northwest Passage on his ship the Gjøa. It was also here that the wreck of the HMS Erebus, from Franklin’s famous lost expedition of 1845, was finally discovered in 2014, followed by the HMS Terror in 2016.

The remote community of Cambridge Bay is located on the southeast coast of Victoria Island, part of the Canadian territory of Nunavut. It’s the largest stop for ships transiting the Northwest Passage, despite a population of less than 2,000, and it's a great place to learn about the wildlife of the Arctic and the culture of the Inuit people who live here.

Utqiagvik, still better known by its English name Barrow, is the northernmost city in the USA, and is home to the largest community of indigenous Iñupiat in Alaska. Despite its remote location and harsh climate there is considerable wealth here, thanks to the nearby oilfields, and Barrow was historically an important whaling centre.